Phytoextraction of Heavy Metals by Various Vegetable Crops Cultivated on Different Textured Soils Irrigated with City Wastewater

A challenging task in urban or suburban agriculture is the sustainability of soil health when utilizing city wastewater, its dilutes, for growing crops. two-year field experiment was conducted to evaluate comparative vegetable transfer factors (VTF) four effluent-irrigated crops (brinjal, spinach, cauliflower, and lettuce) grown on six study sites (1 acre each), equally divided into two textures (sandy loam clay loam). Comparisons VTF showed spinach a significant best phytoextractant, having highest heavy metal values (Zn = 20.2, Cu 12.3, Fe 17.1, Mn 30.3, Cd 6.1, Cr 7.6, Ni 9.2, Pb 6.9), followed by cauliflower brinjal, while lettuce extracted lowest contents (VTF: lettuce: Zn 8.9, 4.2, 9.6, 6.6, 4.7, 2.9, 5.5, 2.5) response main (site vegetable) interactive * effects. We suggest that, vegetables irrigated with sewage water may extract toxic metals remediate soil, seriously hazardous/toxic be source environmental pollution.